Mouse Interleukin 21(IL-21) ELISA Kit

Cytokine with immunoregulatory activity. May promote the transition between innate and adaptive immunity. Induces the production of IgG(1) and IgG(3) in B-cells. Implicated in the generation and maintenance of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and the formation of germinal-centers. Together with IL6, control the early generation of Tfh cells and are critical for an effective antibody response to acute viral infection. May play a role in proliferation and maturation of natural killer (NK) cells in synergy with IL15. May regulate proliferation of mature B- and T-cells in response to activating stimuli. In synergy with IL15 and IL18 stimulates interferon gamma production in T-cells and NK cells. During T-cell mediated immune response may inhibit dendritic cells (DC) activation and maturation.

1. Injection of IL-21-expressing or IL-33-expressing plasmids facilitates clearance of pre-established genotype B strain designated BPS (BPS) persistence and protects cured mice from BPS re-challenge. PMID: 29242561
2. this study shows that IL4 and IL21 cooperate to induce the high Bcl6 protein level required for germinal center formation PMID: 28875978
3. This finding warrants future development of IL-21 and IL-7 co-expressing whole-cell cancer vaccines and their relevant combinatorial regimens. PMID: 27571893
4. The studies link IL-21 to T cell ontogeny, self-reactivity, and humoral autoimmunity. PMID: 28978474
5. IL-21 signaling has a critical role in optimal host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection PMID: 27819295
6. memory-like NK cells expansion depends on IL-21, and is involved in vaccine-induced protective immunity against a bacterial pathogen PMID: 27924822
7. IL-6 is identified as a master regulator of IL-21 in effector CD8(+) T cells. PMID: 27670591
8. Our work suggests that IL-21 regulates megakaryocyte development and platelet homeostasis. Thus, IL-21 may link immune responses to physiological or pathological platelet-dependent processes. PMID: 28057742
9. we identify novel distal regulatory elements in the mouse Il21 locus and demonstrate a dynamic long-range chromatin interaction between the Il21 promoter and these regulatory elements, which contributes to the regulated expression of IL-21 PMID: 27067007
10. this study shows that IL-21 acts as a potent inhibitor of a IL-17A-producing T-cell subset during Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus infection PMID: 27554052
11. this study shows that combination of mIL-21 with HIV-1 vaccines leads to distinct enhancement of NK cells and T cell immune responses associated with immune protection PMID: 27062692
12. The data of this study suggested that an increase in astrocyte-derived IL-21 expression in hippocampal subregions following KA-induced seizures may have potent regulatory effects on epileptogenesis. PMID: 27118610
13. this study reveals a context-dependent role for IL-21 in sustaining effector phenotype CD8 T cells and influencing their migratory properties, accumulation, and functions. PMID: 26826252
14. Dysregulated development of IL-17- and IL-21-expressing follicular helper T cells and increased germinal center formation in the absence of RORgammat. PMID: 26499265
15. results demonstrate that, in the setting of lupus-like CD4 T cell-driven B cell hyperactivity, IL-21 signaling on Ag-specific donor CD8 T cells is critical for CTL effector maturation whereas a lack of IL-21R downregulates CTL responses that would otherwise limit B cell hyperactivity and autoantibody production PMID: 26792801
16. IL-21 from microbiota-specific Th17 and/or Tfh cells contributes to robust intestinal IgA levels by enhancing IgA(+) CSR, IgA production and B-cell trafficking into the intestine. PMID: 25586558
17. this report demonstrates a critical role for IL-21 in the generation of a primary effector CD8 T cell response to an infectious disease model. PMID: 26597007
18. IL-21 drives the activation and expansion of a novel population of IL-13-producing Tc2 cells, which serve as a critical link between inflammation and fibrosis. PMID: 26519529
19. these findings underscore the important collaboration between IL-4 and IL-21 in shaping T-dependent B cells antibody responses. PMID: 26491200
20. IL-21-mediated signaling supports generation and stabilization of pathogenic Th17 cells and development of spontaneous autoimmunity. PMID: 26413871
21. In vivo treatment with IL-21 results in complete mantle cell lymphoma regression in syngeneic mice via natural killer - and T-cell-dependent mechanisms. PMID: 26194763
22. genetic deficiency results in reduced Th2 type response during allergic airway inflammation PMID: 26287681
23. Data indicate that interleukin 21 knockout (il-21-/-) mice showed significantly diminished T follicular helper cell (TFH) generation/accumulation compared to wild type mice. PMID: 25251568
24. The results indirectly provide evidence that IL-21 produced by CD4(+) T cells could promote Th1/Tc1 response, leading to systemic inflammation in emphysema. PMID: 24357415
25. IL-21 suppresses the development of Th2 cells and functions of polarized Th2 cells. PMID: 25351608
26. Inflammation and lymphopenia trigger autoimmunity by suppression of IL-2-controlled regulatory T cell and increase of IL-21-mediated effector T cell expansion. PMID: 25339665
27. IL-21 blockage decreases BAFF levels, modulates T-cell function in acute GVHD, attenuates GVHD by inhibiting mTORC, and modulates B-cell homeostasis. PMID: 25246268
28. In comparison with the DC-hgp100 or mIL-21 groups, the combinational DC-hgp100/mIL-21 vaccine drastically suppressed the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and T-regulatory (Treg) cell populations. PMID: 24572790
29. Data suggest that IL-21 exerts negative regulation on IRF4 and Treg activity, developing and maintaining adipose tissue inflammation in the obesity state. PMID: 24430438
30. Under IL-2 deprivation conditions, IL-21 may act as the major survival factor promoting T cell immune responses. PMID: 24416451
31. GM-SCF, IL-21 and Rae1 expression, alone or in combination, induces a cellular immune response against H22 tumor cells. PMID: 24350772
32. IL-21 is highly up-regulated in the injured mouse brain after cerebral ischemia. PMID: 24616379
33. Opposing actions of IL-2 and IL-21 on Th9 differentiation correlate with their differential regulation of BCL6 expression. PMID: 24550509
34. CD86 expression has functional consequences for the magnitude of CD4 T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. These data pinpoint CD86 upregulation as an additional mechanism by which IL-21 can elicit immunomodulatory effects. PMID: 24470500
35. interleukin-21 enhances rituximab activity PMID: 23825648
36. results indicate that besides IL-21, IL-21iso may be another regulator of gut inflammation PMID: 23557800
37. IL-21 signaling to B cells is essential for the development of all classical disease manifestations, but IL-21 signaling also supports the expansion of central memory, CD8(+) suppressor cells and broadly represses the cytokine activity of CD4(+) T cells. PMID: 24078696
38. IL-21 may also indirectly promote CD8+ T cell poly-functionality by restricting the suppressive activity of infection-induced Treg cells. PMID: 23696736
39. a key role for IL-21 in shaping the humoral and cellular response to T. gondii PMID: 23667536
40. IL-21 plays a critical role in regulating central nervous system immunity during viral encephalitis by sustaining viral persistence and preventing mortality. PMID: 23992866
41. REsults suggest IL-21 is not required for follicular helper t-cell differentiation and function and IL-21 must act on B cells PMID: 23960240
42. Notably, Th17 differentiation in the absence of NR4A2 was restored by exogenous IL-21, indicating that NR4A2 controls full maturation of Th17 cells via autocrine IL-21 signalling PMID: 23437182
43. required for induction of type I diabetes PMID: 23607664
44. These preliminary data show that IL-21 is critical for the development of optimal vaccine-induced primary but not secondary antibody responses against rabies virus infections. PMID: 23516660
45. Interleukin-21 is a critical cytokine for the generation of virus-specific long-lived plasma cells. PMID: 23637417
46. Secreted IL-21 isoform also has less signaling activity than IL-21. PMID: 23312859
47. IL-21 mRNA is reduced in the spleens of lyn(-/-) IL-6(-/-) and lyn(-/-) Btk(lo) mice. PMID: 23169140
48. Together, these results showed for the first time that IL-21 influences the biology and the effector activity of Natural killer dendritic cells. PMID: 23098768
49. Local suppression of IL-21 alleviated secretory disfunction and disrupted lymphocyte infiltration in submandibular glands of NOD mice and thus retarded the development of Sjorgren's-like symptoms of NOD mice. Tfh cells were also inhibited. PMID: 22643047
50. Results indicate a reciprocal production of IL-21 and GM-CSF in T4 cells. PMID: 23453633

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Secreted.

IL-15/IL-21 family

Expressed in CD4(+) T cells.

KEGG: mmu:60505

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000029273

UniGene: Mm.157689